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In the 21st century, typhoid fever afflicts over 21 million people
each year, primarily in underdeveloped countries. In the age before
sanitation and antibiotics, the infection was even more
devastating, crippling entire armies and claiming the lives of both
rich and poor. The story of typhoid is in many ways the story of
modern medicine itself, with early efforts at treatment and
prevention paving the way for our understanding of infectious
disease in general. Many sought to understand and control the
disease, including Robert Koch and Walter Reed. There were unsung
heroes as well: Pierre Louis and William Gerhard, among the first
to identify the disease's unique nature; William Budd, whose
studies demonstrated its transmission through feces; and Georges
Widal, whose test for the disease continues to be used in some
areas. This book chronicles the fight against typhoid in the words
of these and other medical pioneers, showing how far we have come
and how far we have yet to go.
All that is required for you to be a winner in your life and in the
stock market can be found between the covers of this book. In the
personal and in the financial arenas, living longer should make you
better. The ability to be dedicated about winning and disciplining
your mind to be constantly happy is quite a simple formula, and for
the first time is indelibly etched herein. Now you have the
opportunity at a young age to know how joyful and rewarding your
life can be.
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Jewish Ann Arbor (Hardcover)
Richard Adler, Ruth Adler, Rich Adler
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During the mid to late 19th century, Detroit and the American
Midwest were the sites of five major cholera epidemics. The first
of these, the 1832 outbreak, was of particular significance - an
unexpected consequence of the Black Hawk War. In order to suppress
the American Indian uprising then taking place in regions around
present-day Illinois, General Winfield Scott had been ordered by
President Andrew Jackson to transport his troops from Virginia to
the Midwest. While passing through New York State the men were
exposed to cholera, and then transmitted the disease to the
population of Detroit once they reached that city. As a result,
cholera was established as an endemic disease in the upper Midwest.
Further outbreaks took place in 1834, 1849, 1854 and 1866,
ultimately resulting in the deaths of hundreds of individuals. Only
the efforts of local health authorities prevented mortality from
reaching the level of that in other cities along the Mississippi.
This book is the story of those outbreaks and the efforts to
control them.
During bacteriology's Golden Age (roughly 1870-1890) European
physicians focused on the role of bacteria as causal agents of
disease. Advances in microscopy and laboratory methodology -
including the ability to isolate and identify micro-organisms -
played critical roles. Robert Koch, the most well known of the
European researchers for his identification of anthrax,
tuberculosis and cholera, established in Germany the first teaching
laboratory for training physicians in the new methods. Bacteriology
was largely absent in early U.S. medical schools. Dozens of
American physicians-in-training enrolled in Koch's course in
Germany and many established bacteriology courses upon their
return. This book highlights those who became acknowledged leaders
in the field and whose work remains influential.
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